Beaverhunter, NB does not have a very good track record when it comes to deer.....lol. Just ask Rod Cumberland. No question there are advantages and disadvantages to feeding deer. Right or wrong I prefer to feed. The main thing is that once you start it is a winter long commitment. Joe, this is from the NS Lands and Forrest. >Pete
The Advantage of Feeding Deer:
First we must ask ourselves, "Why do we want to feed deer?" If it is to make ourselves feel good or to see more deer from our kitchen window, perhaps we should reconsider. These are reasons for our benefit, not necessarily for the benefit of deer.
The main reason for feeding deer is to prevent a large die-off due to starvation.
Further, if deer make it to spring in relatively good condition, they are more likely to give birth to strong and healthy fawns with an increased chance of survival.
How to Properly Feed Deer:
A proper feeding program requires the following essential elements:
An efficient delivery system to get food to deer on an established trail network,
A method to deliver the food until the end of winter, and
An adequate supply of the right type of food.
Where to Feed:
First, make sure you have landowner permission before initiating any feeding program.
Deer must have good quality cover in close proximity to where the food is delivered. It may be tempting to feed them where it is most convenient or entertaining for ourselves. However, the wrong location could result in more harm than good.
Find where the deer are and what areas they are using as cover. This will likely mean using a snowmobile or walking with snowshoes. Remember, your searching may disturb and stress them which uses energy reserves.
If you don't find their network of trails, pack trails with snowshoes allowing the deer to approach and leave the feeding site from many directions.
What To Feed:
Natural winter food for deer consists primarily of woody browse from hardwood twigs and occasionally needles of balsam fir. The most preferred browse species include: sugar, red, mountain and striped maple; yellow and white birch, witch and beaked hazel and red oak.
Deer have problems with many diets that livestock consume easily. Deer depend on a variety of bacteria and microorganisms in their rumen (stomach) to break down food. A change in diet requires a change in the population of these microorganisms to process the new food properly. Other problems such as "acidosis" (excess acid buildup in the rumen) and scours (diarrhea) may occur if they are given cereal grains. It is therefore important to gradually introduce artificial feed in an area where natural food is also available.
1. Natural Food. If possible, it is best to feed natural food. To do this, cut down a few of the preferred hardwood trees mentioned above. Again, make a number of trails from the new feed to their cover area. Check these trees every few days and turn them so all the branches can be used. The number of trees needed and when to provide more will depend on how many deer there are in the area. In the spring/summer, you can return and cut the same trees for firewood. By doing this you are not only immediately providing food to the deer, but over the next few years a large number of suckers will grow from the stumps and other shrubs and saplings will grow in the clearing you have created. Both short term and long term feeding is accomplished.
2. Deer Pellets. Most farm feed outlets carry a specially formulated ration for deer or can tell you where it can be bought. This feed is specially formulated for deer with consideration of their energy, protein and fiber needs, as well as digestibility. At first deer may not recognize these pellets as food but if introduced with small amounts of corn, oats or alfalfa, they will gradually become accustomed to the new food.
3. Cereal Grains. Although not as well balanced a diet as Deer Pellets, rolled oats or coarsely milled oats are easily digested and reduce the possibility of problems associated with a sudden diet change. Whole corn and whole oats can also be used and are often readily available. A ratio of 1:1 to 1:4 corn

ats is recommended.
Avoid feeding pure corn, barley or wheat as they are too high in starch and may cause digestive problems leading to death.
As with pellets, these foods can be placed in handful amounts on well packed snow� preferably under conifer trees to prevent being covered with snow. Once the deer have become accustomed to this type of feed, it can be delivered by laying feed bags on the ground and cutting a large panel out on the top side. This will keep the feed together and off the ground, reducing waste. Hoppers like those used to feed domestic cattle or sheep, may also be used.
4. Hay or Alfalfa. Caution should be used when feeding hay or alfalfa as deer (especially when in starved condition) may have problems digesting them. Introduce this feed gradually and ensure natural foods are also available.
5. Fruit & Vegetables. Although deer will eat apples, carrots, cabbage, etc., their use is not recommended. They are like candy to a child� tasty but of little value in providing a well-balanced and nutritious diet.
As can be seen, feeding is not just a matter of throwing a few bread crusts off the back porch. If you want to feed deer effectively (to their benefit) ensure you do it properly with the energy and resources to continue until the end of winter.
Other Recommendations:
Start early in winter to allow deer the ability to find and become accustomed to the new feed and for their rumen microorganisms to adjust.
Use the same feed throughout winter.
Provide food at a number of locations to ensure all have a chance to feed. This will also minimize aggression.
Keep the feed dry if using pellets or cereal grains. Wet feed will likely not be consumed.
Ensure a constant supply of feed is provided. Check after each snowfall that the feed is not covered.
Increase the amount of feed available in late winter when need is the greatest and activity levels have increased.
As spring approaches and snow is no longer deep, or if deer are no longer coming to the site, feeding should be discontinued.
It is a difficult and expensive task to feed deer in winter, and it may not achieve the desired results. However, if you decide to take up the challenge, by following this advice, deer should realize the most benefit.
For more information on feeding deer in winter or woodlot management for the benefit of deer and other wildlife, contact the Department of Lands and Forestry Wildlife Biologist for your area.
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Page last updated 2018-08-14.